Famous Czech crooner Karel Gott died at 80 in his Prague home on 1 October. 300,000 lined the streets of the city to pay their last respects on Friday 11 Oct. Gott was popular in (West) Germany as well as the former Soviet Bloc, as he frequently toured both sides of the Cold War division.
 
I’ve only sung one of “his” numbers, Když Milenky Pláčou (When Lovers Cry), a Czech version—not so much a translation—of John Denver’s “Annie’s Song.” Among other international cover material he performed was Rot und Schwarz (Red and Black) a German-language version of the Rolling Stones’ “Paint It Black.” Remarkably, it starts off with a string section sounding like Pablo Sarasate’s Zigeunerweisen or a Brahms/Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody/Dance, adding to the already “orientalist” vibe of the original. Gott’s light Slavic accent, the final touch of exotica, made it a smash in the German-speaking world.
 
I saw a Czech interview with a publicist recently, saying Gott was determined to be wildly successful from at least his early twenties, and he did everything to hone the skills and the image, down to clothes, hair, and poise and movements on stage, to project the confidence and aura of a pop star. Gott was often criticized for signing the “Anti-Charter,” a Communist Party-led declaration condemning Charter 77 (a 1977 petition for the regime to respect human rights, in particular to abide by the terms it had agreed to under the Helsinki Accords of 1975). But in 1989’s Velvet Revolution he sang alongside dissident Karel Kryl from a balcony overlooking Wenceslaus Square. His career continued unabated until his recent bout with acute leukemia.

It was 30 September 1989 when then-West German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher announced from a balcony at the Prague embassy that East Germans would be granted permission to travel to West Germany by five special trains arranged for transport. This was the beginning of a mass exodus which resulted in the Berlin Wall finally coming down on 9 November.

It followed Poland's first free post-war elections in May of that year and the cutting of barbed wire along the Hungarian-Austrian border in summer. In August, large numbers of East Germans camped out near Lake Balaton, a resort and spa area in the west of Hungary. It was so common for East Bloc denizens (as well as Austrians and Germans) to vacation there, it didn't really even look all that suspicious, but they were biding their time, having heard rumors of border openings. As Deutsche Welle notes in recent reportage, many of the locals told them which lookout towers were likely to go unused.

The breakthrough was the Pan-European Picnic, in the woods near Sopron, Hungary, an event co-sponsored by Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary, and reform-minded Communist parliamentarian Imre Pozsgay. There were rumors, once again, of a border opening: according to the Deutsche Welle article, Hungarian guards checked the documents of Austrian citizens, while ignoring the East Germans pouring through into Austria - about 700 in number.

More and more "Ossies" attempted the escape into Austria, and in September many others went to Prague - entering West German territory by jumping the fence into the embassy compound. These are the people Genscher is addressing.

The Pan-European Picnic and the events at the Prague Embassy were two crucial leadups to the Fall of the Berlin Wall. 

I posted last year on the Feast of St. Wenceslas, Patron of Bohemia. Since I have so many ties to the Czech Republic, I'm doing it again. This time I’ve got new info, on a church built in the saint’s honor for the millennium of his death in 1930. As many times as I’ve been to Prague, I must confesse I’ve not visited it - so, new bucket list item!

The Tres Bohemes website, a good source for all things Czech – and some Slovak – does a better job than I can, so I’ll refer you to them here.

Also, September 7 was the four-hundredth anniversary of the deaths of three priests executed during the uprisings led by Gabriel Betlan in what was then Hungary, in today's East Slovak city Košice, the second largest municipality in the country. They were canonized by John Paul II during his visit to Slovakia in 1995. (I was living in the country at the time, but did not see the pontiff there, though I did see him in the Vatican the year before while traveling with a Slovak chorus.)

There were several special Masses for the occasion. The St. Cecilia choir I sang in from 1996-97 performed at one of those events, held in the "Premonstratensian" church which was built on the site of their martyrdom. I've sung with the group in that church in several concerts there, as well as for the wedding of one chorus member.

​Curiously, none of the three martyrs was Slovak: Marek Križin was Croatian, Štefan Pongrác Hungarian, and Melichar Grodeckzý Polish. As a spokesman for the diocese recently pointed out, this fact symbolizes the supranational position of the Church. And in another sense, all three were Košice people, so all the town's citizens can be proud. 

Even with last year’s 50th anniversary commemorations over, it’s worth adding a few points about the tragedy that befell the Czech and Slovak people’s – the country’s Hungarian, Roma, Rusyn and other minorities.
 
So I’m featuring a few shots from a late-August 1968 edition of Life, which capture both the air of freedom that preceded and the frustration and desperation that followed.
 
Please allow me to refer you to my posts from last year:
 
The Tanks of August  
 
The Invasion at 50 – which includes video of me performing my translation of Karel Kryl’s heartrending song Bratříčku, zavírej vrátka, as well as an embedded clip of the Moody Blues performing in Prague on the very eve of the invasion - 
 
50 Years Since the Tanks of August – with more pics and commentary –
 
Finally, the Moody Blues were not the only celebs caught in Czechoslovakia at the time. This post on Tres Bohemes covers the topic thoroughly (better than I can), so I’ll leave you to visit their site. Shirley Bassey was filming songs from Goldfinger, while Shirley Temple Black was doing charity work, and George Segal and other were filming The Bridge at Remagen.
 

Fields of lavender, the buzz of cicadas, siestes from the summer heat, canoeing down the Gard river - all these are images from my month-long stay in Provence. And the laughter and chatter of French and American kids, ages 12-16, in a bilingual program called "Young Pilgrims in France/Jeunes Pèlerins en France."

As I see scenes from this year's Tour de France, the memories come back. Our summer camp, which had rich offerings in languages, culture, art, and recreation, was run by The American School in Switzerland, and housed in the dorm-style accommodations of the Prieuré du Christ Roi, in a town called Uzès. 

The Tour route for one July day ran right under the retaining wall separating the property from the street. I joined the camp counselors and kids waiting for the cyclists, but all I got to see were the endless promotional vehicles riding through. At least I got a nice tee-shirt and humongous fold-out map of the route for 1994. Then lunch was ready, and we adults did our best to get the kids to the table. Half-way through the meal, someone shouted "They're coming through." BOOM! Twenty-some kids leaped up at once and ran to the scene. Recognizing the futility of imposing discipline at this moment, we instructors got up slowly and ambled to the street. Ah, but it was all over. 

So if you want to see a leg of the race, just remember: blink and you miss it. The competitors speed by in a cluster. That's it. Unless, perhaps, you secure a spot on a long up-hill grade.

But this reality of the Tour shouldn't stop you from going there, getting a glimpse of the race, and - most importantly - enjoying the scenery all around.

Two of this week's legs went through areas I visited that summer of '94: Nîmes and the Pont du Gard. One of my fondest memories was canoeing down the Gard river, finishing up at the famous three-tiered Roman aqueduct, passing right through its shadow, then walking across the structure and looking down at the turquoise water and people swimming and boating in it.

And so I present a small slideshow sampling that summer's delights. Enjoy!

Also, there are only two days left of the tour. You can find out more at the official Tour de France site.

What befits a travel & music blog more than a song about flyin' to the moon. Enjoy this 50th anniversary tribute to the Apollo moon landing!

See ya next week for some pics from a Tour de France from years past...

After autumn 1989’s street-protest-driven rejection of East Bloc Communism, which I’d viewed euphorically on CNN, and a sublime, sunny graduation on the University of Virginia’s colonnade lined Lawn the following May, I spent the summer of 1990 studying ESL pedagogy at Georgetown. The idea now was to go to Eastern-Central Europe to teach English, a language quickly rising in demand after forty years of pupils being force-fed Russian.

I considered the Baltics, thanks to a UVA dean and Rīga native who’d encouraged me through my toughest times in college. With a mind to repaying her kindness by teaching English in her home country, I phoned the Latvian legation, the unofficial, émigré-run “embassy” of a nation still under Soviet rule. The gentleman who answered described Stalin’s cynical annexation of the Baltic States, a move never recognized by the West, and his nation’s desire for independence. But he advised against going there: “Things are too unstable.”

Romania and Bulgaria were out for the same reason. I called the Yugoslav embassy – they didn’t need English teachers, I was told, as they’d been learning plenty of English rather than Russian ever since Tito broke with Stalin. A stark, blotchy red and white Solidarity poster in my Georgetown linguistics professor’s office reminded me of the struggle of the Polish shipyard workers and, indirectly, of John Paul II’s motivating role. So I considered going there or to East Germany, which was about to merge with the West.

But I’d never thought about Czechoslovakia until that July 4, sitting cross-legged on a friend’s picnic blanket amidst the crowd of 400,000 who’d come to hear the symphony on the Washington Mall. As blackness swallowed the last purple of twilight and the final cymbal crash of Sousa’s “Washington Post March” faded, the emcee announced that we had just received a special call. Václav Havel, phoning by satellite from Prague. His gravelly voice came over the P.A. system.

“I would like to congratulate you on your nation’s birthday,” he said, haltingly, in his strong central European accent. “Your country was a beacon of hope to those of us suffering behind the Iron Curtain. And so, I am honored to address you tonight as president of a free Czechoslovakia.”

The crowd bellowed in response, clapping their hands above their heads in a display of good-natured American boisterousness.

“Oh. Well, thank you.” He sounded a bit embarrassed. “You have been an inspiration to oppressed peoples everywhere. And now it is my privilege to introduce the next song, the final movement of the New World Symphony, which my compatriot Antonín Dvořák composed while living in your wonderful country.”

After another spasm of cheering, the conductor raised his baton. The low strings played two notes a half-tone apart, like the “Jaws” music; slowly at first, then gaining tempo and volume. Violins joined in with piercing glissandos, building the tension towards an explosion of brass and tympani. The music was soon accompanied by the boom of fireworks, whose red, white and blue streams – equally valid as U.S. or Czechoslovak colors – illuminated the Washington Monument behind the orchestra.

The display of American-Czechoslovak friendship made up my mind for me.

The next morning, I called the Czechoslovak embassy and learned of Education for Democracy. I applied as soon as I got the paperwork. I got the news of my acceptance in August, after I’d already signed a short-term contract with a language school near DC’s Dupont Circle. So I had to put off the move until mid-October.

A mere two weeks after arriving, I got to see Havel from a distance of 50 feet in the Slovak provincial capital to which I’d been assigned. It felt like destiny.


I related my experience of that Havel speech in a post last October. There are pictures from the event (though the text is mostly about the history that was being commemorated).

I’ve written a lot in these pages about the aftermath of WWI. One of the figures most responsible for the emergence of Czechoslovakia was Milan Rastislav Štefánik, an astronomer, soldier, and world traveler. While I have mixed feelings about the breakup of Austria-Hungary, I cannot help but admire Štefánik for his diligent pursuit of knowledge, for his love of country, and his love for a woman.

He met a tragic fate 100 years ago on 4 May, leaving behind a fianceé, Italian Marchesa Giuliana Benzoni, when his plane crashed near Bratislava.

Štefánik was the son of a Slovak Lutheran pastor, who studied astronomy in Prague, then worked in France, including the observatory on Mont Blanc. He did research in far-flung destinations like Algiers, Tahiti, and Brazil. His notes, diary, and correspondence are full of descriptions of the cultures he encountered. When the First World War broke out, he joined the French army - an Entente power fighting against his native Austria-Hungary.

His loyalties were with the Slovak and Czech nations, rather than the Habsburg rulers. He'd had little choice but to get his early schooling in Hungarian, since policies of Magyarization left little room for other languages in the education system of the eastern part of the monarchy. He was one of those who saw his nation's best hope for self-realization in the formation of a republic of Czechs and Slovaks, where they would no longer be dominated by Hungarians and German-Austrians.

He was a pilot and, curiously, was the subject of the world's first medevac. He became seriously ill in Serbia and was flown to safety by pioneering French aviator Louis Paulhan. There's a statue of him in Paulhan, France, a sister city to Brezová pod Bradlom (more on that later) and to Košariská, Slovakia.

Štefánik rose to the rank of brigadier general in the French army and also became Minister of War in the government of Czechoslovak resistance abroad, which became recognized by the Entente as capable of setting up a successor state to the Habsburg Empire. In this capacity, he visited Russia and arranged to recruit Slovak and Czech prisoners of war - who had fought for Austria-Hungary, albeit with little enthusiasm; some had deserted - to form a fighting force that would join the effort against the Habsburg monarchy.

And thus the Czechoslovak Legions were born. They had actually been formed elsewhere in Europe, but those in Russia became the most legendary, thanks in part to the Bolshevik seizure of power. When Lenin's government made peace with the Central Powers, it was no longer in a position to support these troops who were now sworn enemies of imperial Austria and Germany. Attempts to disarm them failed, and they soon revolted, taking over most of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

When it was rumored - correctly - that these Legionaires were approaching the town where the last tsar, Nicholas II, was being held captive by the Bolsheviks, the decision was made to shoot the entire imperial family out of fear that the Legions would free them.
 
The Legions soon evacuated from Russia, taking the long route to the Pacific port of Vladivostok and returning to Europe by ship.
 
During his various political and diplomatic activities in Italy in autumn 1916, Štefánik met Giuliana Benzoni, an Italian aristocrat to whom he later became engaged. He visited her for the last time in Rome in late April 1919. After negotiations in Padua over the Italian military presence in Czechoslovakia, he flew from an airfield near Udine to Bratislava to visit his family, but one of the plane’s engines exploded during a landing attempt. The man who had done so much for his beloved Slovak nation, and could have done so much more, was dead at 38.
 
Štefánik’s grave is in Brezová pod Bradlom, an hour and a half northeast of Bratislava, a grey, stone, quasi-pyramidal structure with four obelisks surrounding the burial chamber. It stands atop a hill overlooking his nearby native village of Košariská, an exalted monument to a man of humble birth. I must admit it’s still on my bucket list; for various reasons I just haven’t managed to get there. Yet.
 
But I was privileged to be present at the unveiling of a plaque to Štefánik in Padua, Italy. I traveling as a member of the Slovak chorus Hron of Banská Bystrica. We’d just spent several days giving concerts and touring the Lake Garda region and were on the way to Croatia (both visits were carried out as part of exchanges with vocal ensembles in Italy and Croatia). So we stopped in Padua to sing Slovak patriotic songs as part of the ceremonies involving local dignitaries. It certainly gave me a stronger impression of Slovakia’s and Štefánik’s ties to Italy.
 
There are many reminders of his legacy. The Bratislava airport, planes, and military institutions bear his name. Last year, the Czech National Bank issued 10-crown notes with Štefánik’s image in commemoration of the centenary of Czechoslovakia’s birth, and Slovakia released 10-Euro silver coins for that anniversary. This year, Slovakia is minting 2-euro coins to mark the century since his death.
 
You can learn more about Štefánik on his Wikipedia page.